The talk will first give an overview of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the CMS experiment elaborating on the discovery potentials of this experimental programme. The CMS detector records collisions from two high-energetic proton beams circulating in the LHC. An integral part of the CMS physics program are analyses with tau leptons in the final state for future discoveries and measurements at the LHC. An overview will be presented on identification of hadronically decaying tau leptons in this dense hadronic environment at the LHC and its role in Higgs physics, ranging from H(125) boson measurements to searches for additional Higgs bosons as well as searches for dark matter and heavy gauge bosons signalling new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics.